More than 9000 native plants have been identified and recorded for their curative properties, and about 1500 species are known for their aroma and flavor. According to an estimate, the worth of herbal products on the global market is approximately 62 billion USD, and it is predicted to grow up to 5 trillion USD by the year 2050. At present, more than 80% of the global population depends on traditional plant-based medications for treating various human health problems. Medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) constitute a large part of natural flora and are considered an important resource in various fields such as the pharmaceutical, flavor and fragrance, perfumery, and cosmetic industries. This comprehensive review will benefit researchers who wish to explore the potential of essential oils in the development of novel broad-spectrum key molecules against a broad range of drug-resistant pathogenic microbes. The aim of this article is to review the antimicrobial potential of essential oils secreted from MAPs and their possible mechanisms of action against human pathogens. The reactivity of essential oil depends upon the nature, composition, and orientation of its functional groups. The presence of different types of aldehydes, phenolics, terpenes, and other antimicrobial compounds means that the essential oils are effective against a diverse range of pathogens. Essential oils have great potential in the field of biomedicine as they effectively destroy several bacterial, fungal, and viral pathogens. Essential oils are complex volatile compounds, synthesized naturally in different plant parts during the process of secondary metabolism. A wide range of medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) have been explored for their essential oils in the past few decades.
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